Pave nemakore gumi kubva "The Belt and Road" Initiative yakatangwa muna 2013. Mumakore gumi apfuura, China, sekutanga uye mutori wechikamu anokosha, yakabudirira pamwe chete kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro nenyika dzinovaka pamwe chete, uye indasitiri yemarori, sechikamu chechirongwa ichi, yakawanawo budiriro yekukurumidza munzira yekuenda pasi rose.
"The Belt uye Road" Initiative, iyo Silk Road Economic Belt uye 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Nzira iyi inobata nyika dzinopfuura zana nemasangano epasi rose muAsia, Africa, Europe neLatin America, uye ine chekuita nekutengeserana kwepasirese, kudyara mari uye kuchinjana kwetsika.
Makore gumi ingori nhanganyaya, uye iko zvino inzvimbo nyowani yekutangisa, uye iwindo rerudzii remukana richavhurwa kuti marori emhando yeChinese aende mhiri kwemakungwa ne "Belt and Road" ndiyo tarisiro yetariro yedu.
Tarisa panzvimbo dzinotevera munzira
Marori maturusi akakosha ekuvaka nekusimudzira hupfumi, uye anoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira "Belt and Road" Initiative. Nepo nyika zhinji dzakavakwa pamwe chete ne "Belt and Road" Initiative dziri dzenyika dzichiri kusimukira, danho rekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira mota rakaderera, uye marori emhando yeChinese ane zvakanakira maererano nekugona kugadzira, kuita uye kuita mutengo. Mumakore achangopfuura, yakave nemhedzisiro yakanaka mukutengesa kunze kwenyika.
Zvinoenderana nedata rakakodzera reGeneral Administration of Customs, gore ra2019 risati rasvika, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemarori anorema kwaive kwakagadzikana pamotokari dzinosvika zviuru makumi masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe, uye muna 2020, kukanganisa kwedenda kwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Muna 2021, kutengesa kunze kwemarori anorema kwakakwira kusvika kumotokari 140,000, kuwedzera kwe79.6% gore negore, uye muna 2022, huwandu hwekutengesa hwakaramba huchikwira kusvika kumotokari 190,000, kuwedzera kwe35,4% gore negore. Kuwedzera kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwemarori anorema kwasvika 157,000 zvikamu, kuwedzera kwe111.8% gore-pagore, izvo zvinotarisirwa kusvika padanho idzva.
Kubva pamaonero echikamu chemusika muna 2022, huwandu hwekutengesa kweAsia inorema marori musika wakasvika pahupamhi hwezvikamu makumi matanhatu nemazana mashanu nemazana mashanu, ayo Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Mongolia uye vamwe vatengesi vakuru kuChina.
Musika wemuAfrica uri pachinhanho chechipiri, uchitengeswa kunze kwenyika motokari dzinodarika zviuru makumi mashanu, idzo Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, Congo, South Africa nemimwe misika mikuru.
Kunyangwe musika weEurope uri mudiki kana uchienzaniswa nemisika yeAsia neAfrica, inoratidza kukurumidza kukura maitiro. Pamusoro peRussia yakakanganiswa nezvinhu zvakakosha, huwandu hwemarori anorema akaunzwa kubva kuChina nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope kunze kweRussia akasimuka kubva paanenge chiuru muna 2022 kusvika zviuru gumi nezvina nemazana maviri gore rapfuura, kuwedzera kwekanenge ka11,8, iyo Germany, Belgium. , Netherlands nemamwe misika mikuru. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekusimudzirwa kwe "Belt and Road" Initiative, iyo yakasimbisa kudyidzana kwehupfumi nekutengeserana pakati peChina nenyika dzeEurope.
Pamusoro pezvo, muna 2022, China yakatumira kunze marori anorema zviuru gumi nemaviri kuSouth America, achiverengera 61.3% yezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuAmerica, uye musika wakaratidza kukura kwakasimba.
Takatorwa pamwechete, data rakakosha rekutengesa kunze kweChina rori rinorema rinoratidza maitiro anotevera: "Belt and Road" Initiative inopa mikana yakawanda yekutumira kunze kweChina marori anorema, kunyanya inofambiswa nekudiwa kubva kunyika dziri munzira, kutengesa kunze kwenyika marori anorema eChina akawana kukura nekukurumidza. ; Panguva imwecheteyo, kukura nekukurumidza kwemusika weEurope kunopawo mikana mitsva yerori inorema yeChina yekuwedzera musika wepasirese.
Mune ramangwana, nekusimudzirwa kwakadzama kwe "Belt and Road" Initiative uye nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemhando dzemarori anorema eChina, zvinotarisirwa kuti marori anorema eChina anotengeswa kunze kwenyika acharamba achichengetedza maitiro ekukura.
Zvinoenderana nemakore gumi ekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwemarori emhando yeChinese uye maitiro ekusimudzira nemikana yeramangwana ye "Belt and Road" Initiative, zvinotevera kuongororwa kwemaitiro ekushanda kwemarori eChinese anoenda mhiri kwemakungwa:
1. Modhi yekuendesa kunze kweMotokari: Nekuvandudzwa kwakadzama kwe "Belt uye Road", mota kunze kwenyika icharamba iri imwe yenzira huru dzekuChina dzekutengesa marori. Nekudaro, tichifunga nezvekusiyana uye kuomarara kwemisika yemhiri kwemakungwa, maChinese mabhizinesi emarori anofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza kunaka uye kuchinjika kwezvigadzirwa, uye kuwedzera hunyanzvi hwebasa rekutengesa mushure mekutengesa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nenyika dzakasiyana nematunhu.
2. Kuvaka zvirimwa zvekumhiri kwemakungwa nekuvaka masisitimu ekushambadzira: Nekudzika kwekushandira pamwe pakati penyika nematunhu ari padyo ne "Belt and Road", maChinese marori mabhizinesi anogona kuona kushanda kwenzvimbo nekudyara muzvirimwa zvemuno uye kutanga masisitimu ekushambadzira. Nenzira iyi, isu tinokwanisa kuchinjika zvirinani kumamiriro emusika wepanzvimbo, kuvandudza kukwikwidza kwemusika, uye zvakare kunakidzwa nezvakanakira uye kutsigirwa kwemitemo yenzvimbo.
3. Tevedzera kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemapurojekiti makuru enyika: Pasi pekusimudzirwa kwe "Belt uye Road", nhamba huru yezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvivakwa zvichaendeswa kune dzimwe nyika. Makambani eChinese marori anogona kushanda pamwe nemakambani ekuvaka aya kuti atevere chirongwa ichi kuenda kugungwa uye nekupa mabasa ekufambisa. Izvi zvinogona kuwana kuendesa kunze kwakananga kunze kwemarori, asiwo kuve nechokwadi chekusimudzira kwakagadzikana kwemabhizinesi.
4. Enda mhiri kwemakungwa kuburikidza nenzira dzekutengeserana: Nekudzika kwekudyidzana kwekutengeserana pakati penyika nematunhu ari padyo ne "Belt and Road", maChinese marori emabhizinesi anogona kupa kuyambuka-muganho sevhisi masevhisi kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe nemabhizimusi emuno uye e-commerce mabhizinesi. Panguva imwecheteyo, inogona zvakare kuwedzera ruzivo rwemhando uye pesvedzero nekutora chikamu muzviratidzwa zvepasi rose uye dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira mikana yakawanda yekuenda mhiri kwemakungwa.
Kazhinji, maitiro ekushanda kwemarori eChinese anoenda mhiri kwemakungwa anozove akasiyana uye akaiswa munharaunda, uye mabhizinesi anofanirwa kusarudza nzira yakakodzera yekutumira kunze zvinoenderana nemamiriro avo chaiwo uye nzira yekusimudzira. Panguva imwecheteyo, pasi pekusimudzirwa kwe "Belt uye Road", maChinese marori mabhizinesi achaunza mikana yakawanda yebudiriro nematambudziko, uye anoda kuramba achivandudza kukwikwidza kwavo uye danho rekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika.
MunaGunyana gore rino, vatungamiriri vemhando dzemarori dzeChina Automobile Group vakatanga rwendo rwekudzidza kunyika dzeMiddle East, vaine chinangwa chekudzamisa kushandira pamwe, kukurudzira kusaina mapurojekiti ane hunyanzvi, uye kusimbisa kuchinjana kwemabasa ekuvaka fekitori. Kufamba uku kunoratidza zvizere boka remarori rinotungamirwa neShaanxi Automobile rinokoshesa zvikuru uye rine chido chakasimba chekuvandudza mikana mitsva mumusika we "Belt and Road".
Muchimiro chekushanya kumunda, vane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvinodiwa uye mafambiro emusika weMiddle East, izvo zvinoratidza zvizere kuti vatungamiriri veboka vanoziva kuti musika weMiddle East une mukana wakakura uye tarisiro yakafara yebudiriro pasi pe " Bhandi uye Mugwagwa” Initiative. Naizvozvo, vanoshingairira kuronga, kuburikidza nekumisikidzwa kwemafekitori uye dzimwe nzira dzekuwedzera kuvandudza pesvedzero yemhando uye kukwikwidza, kune indasitiri yerori yeChinese mumusika weMiddle East kupinza hutsva hutsva.
"The Belt and Road" yapinda munguva itsva, iyo inosungirwa kuunza mikana iri nani yekusimudzira kune marori kunze kwenyika, asi tinofanirawo kuziva zvakajeka kuti mamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose akaoma uye anoshanduka, uye kuchine nzvimbo huru yekuvandudza. China rori mhando uye sevhisi.
Isu tinotenda kuti kuitira kuti tishandise zvirinani hwindo idzva rekuvandudza, tinofanira kutarisisa kune zvinotevera zvinhu.
1. Ngwarira kushanduka kwemamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose: Mamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose aripo azere nekusava nechokwadi uye zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sehondo yeRussia-Ukraine uye kuwedzera kwemakakatanwa munyika dzeMiddle East. Shanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika idzi dzinogona kukanganisa kutengeswa kwerori dzinorema kunze kwenyika, saka mabhizinesi eChinese anorema marori anofanirwa kutarisisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kugadzirisa nzira dzekutengesa kunze kwenyika panguva yakakodzera kuderedza njodzi dzinogona kuitika.
2. Kuvandudza sevhisi nekutengesa panguva imwe chete: Kuti udzivise zvidzidzo zvinokuvadza zvekutengeswa kwemudhudhudhu weVietnam, mabhizinesi emarori anorema eChinese anofanirwa kuwedzera kutengesa achitarisa pakuvandudza kunaka kwesevhisi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusimbisa mushure mekutengesa sevhisi yekutevera, kupa panguva uye nehunyanzvi rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi uye kugadzirisa, pamwe nekuvaka hukama hwepedyo nevatengesi venzvimbo uye vamiririri kuwedzera mukurumbira wemhando uye kugutsikana kwevatengi.
3. Shingairira kuvandudza nekuvandudza hunhu hwemotokari mumisika yekunze: Kuti zvizadzise zvirinani kudiwa kwemusika kwenyika dzakasiyana uye matunhu, maChinese mabhizinesi anorema marori anofanirwa kushingaira kuvandudza nekuvandudza hunhu hwemotokari mumisika yekunze. Shaanxi Automobile X5000, semuenzaniso, inofunga zvizere izvo zvinodiwa zvekufambisa zvedunhu reUrumqi. Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kunyatsonzwisisa hunhu uye zvinodiwa zvemusika unotarwa, kutsvagisa kwakanangwa uye kusimudzira uye kuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa kuti zvizadzise izvo chaizvo zvinodiwa pamusika wemuno.
4. Shandisa zvakanaka TIR migwagwa yekufambisa uye kuyambuka muganhu wekutengeserana nyore nyore: Pasi pekusimudzirwa kwe "Belt uye Road", TIR migwagwa yekufambisa uye kutengeserana kwemuganhu kwakava nyore. Mabhizinesi emarori anorema eChinese anofanirwa kushandisa zvizere mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka aya kusimbisa kutengeserana nenyika dzakavakidzana. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwa zvakare kunyatsoteerera kune shanduko mune zvekutengeserana kwepasirese marongero kuitira kugadzirisa nenguva marongero ekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye kutora mikana yakawanda yebhizinesi.
Nina anoti:
Pasi pekusimudzirwa kwe "Belt and Road" munguva itsva, nyika dzichiri kusimukira dziri munzira dziri kushingaira kuita mubatanidzwa mukuvaka zvivakwa, hupfumi uye kutengeserana kuchinjana nemamwe minda. Izvi hazvingope chete mikana yebhizinesi yakawanda yekuChina inorema marori kutumira kunze, asi zvakare inogadzira mamiriro ekuti mubatsirane uye kuhwina-kuhwina mhedzisiro yenyika dzese. Mukuita uku, mabhizinesi eChinese anorema marori anofanirwa kufambirana nekumhanya kweThe Times, achishingairira kuwedzera misika yekumhiri kwemakungwa, nekuvandudza pesvedzero yemhando. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwa zvakare kutarisa pakuvandudza uye kuvandudza kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvemusika zvenyika dzakasiyana nematunhu.
Munzira inoenda mhiri kwemakungwa, maChinese mabhizinesi anorema marori anofanirwa kutarisisa kubatanidzwa nekusimudzira kwemusika wemuno. Izvo zvinodikanwa kushingaira kuwedzera kubatirana pamwe nemabhizinesi emuno, kusimbisa hunyanzvi hwekutsinhana uye kudzidziswa kwevashandi, uye kuwana kubatsirikana uye kuhwina-kuhwina mhedzisiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakoshawo kutarisisa kuzadzikiswa kwebasa remakambani ezvemagariro evanhu, kushingaira kutora chikamu mumabasa ekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu munharaunda, uye kudzorera kunharaunda yemunharaunda.
Muchirevo che "Belt uye Road", maChina anorema marori anotumira kunze akatarisana nemikana isati yamboitika nematambudziko. Chete nekufambirana neThe Times, tichitarisa pakuvandudza nekuvandudza, uye kusimbisa kubatanidzwa nekusimudzira nemusika wemuno tinogona kuwana budiriro inoenderera uye kubudirira mumusika wepasi rose. Ngatitarisirei ramangwana riri nani rekutengesa kunze kweChina marori anorema!
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-12-2023
